A conjunction is a word that links two parts of a sentence. This page covers five of them: en, maar, want, of and dus. They join two main clauses. A main clause is a sentence that can also stand on its own. For example: Ik ben ziek (I am sick).
In Dutch these five are called nevenschikkende voegwoorden: coordinating conjunctions. Both clauses stay normal sentences. Nothing in the word order changes.
The five conjunctions
| Conjunction | English | Use | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| en | and | adding something | Ik werk en ik studeer. |
| maar | but | a contrast | Ik wil komen, maar ik kan niet. |
| want | because | a reason | Ik blijf thuis, want ik ben ziek. |
| of | or | a choice | Wil je koffie of thee? |
| dus | so | a result | Het regent, dus ik neem een paraplu. |
The word order stays normal
After the conjunction comes an ordinary sentence. First the subject, then the verb in position 2. The conjunction itself does not count as a position. So the second clause looks exactly as it would on its own.
| Clause 1 | Conjunction | Subject | Verb | Rest |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ik ben moe, | want | ik | werk | hard. |
| Het regent, | dus | wij | blijven | thuis. |
| Hij belt, | maar | niemand | neemt | op. |
| Ik kook | en | zij | doet | de afwas. |
Want or dus?
Both are about a reason and a result. They just point in opposite directions. After want comes the reason. After dus comes the result.
Result first, then want
- Ik blijf thuis, want ik ben ziek. (I am staying home because I am sick.)
- Ik neem een jas mee, want het is koud.
Reason first, then dus
- Ik ben ziek, dus ik blijf thuis. (I am sick, so I am staying home.)
- Het is koud, dus ik neem een jas mee.
Not always a full sentence
A conjunction can also join two words or short phrases. Then no new subject follows. You do not need to think about word order then.
- Wil je koffie of thee?Do you want coffee or tea?
- De koffie was heet, maar niet sterk genoeg.The coffee was hot but not strong enough.
- Ik werk en studeer.I work and study.
Comma or no comma?
Before maar, want and dus you usually put a comma. Before en and of you usually do not.